Since Russian forces launched their full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the war has caused immense human suffering and fundamentally altered Europe’s security landscape. Ukrainian sovereignty has been sustained through unprecedented and costly technological innovation and adaptation on the battlefield. The widespread use of drones and other uncrewed systems, the digitisation of command structures, cyber capabilities, and new forms of civil-military cooperation are reshaping the way wars are fought today and will be fought in the future. What do Ukraine’s experiences reveal about the future of warfare in Europe? How can the Netherlands best support Ukraine, both on the battlefield and in building long-term European resilience and security?
